A breast cancer's stage refers to how much the cancer has grown and where it has spread. Staging systems of breast cancer help describe the breast cancer, so that the doctor can decide what treatments are appropriate.Tumors can be noninvasive or invasive.
- Noninvasive breast cancer, or carcinoma in situ, is a tumor that has not spread beyond the ducts or the lobules, depending on where it started.
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is cancer that is confined to the ducts.
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a condition that is confined to the lobules or milk-making glands. Although not considered a true cancer, having LCIS increases the risk of getting breast cancer later
- An invasive tumor has spread beyond where it began, and there are three different stages of invasiveness :
- Localized stage of breast cancer: The tumor is still only within the breast
- Regional stage of breast cancer: The tumor has spread to the tissue surrounding the breast or there are cancer cells within nearby lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small masses of tissues found throughout the body that are involved in fighting infection. The more lymph nodes with cancer, the more serious the cancer may be.
- Distant (advanced/metastatic) stage of breast cancer: The tumor has spread away from the breast to other tissues in the body (eg, lung, liver, bone, or brain)
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